LNG vs CNG: Buku Lotsogolera la Kusankha Mafuta a Gasi

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi tsogolo la LNG ndi CNG mumakampani opanga mphamvu omwe akukula

Ndi iti yabwino kuposa LNG kapena CNG?

"Bwino" zimadalira kwathunthu momwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), yomwe ndi yamadzimadzi pa -162°C, ndi mphamvu yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera magalimoto oyendera mtunda wautali, zombo, ndi sitima zomwe zimafunika kukhala ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri. Mayendedwe afupiafupi monga ma taxi, mabasi, ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi oyenera kwambiri mpweya wachilengedwe wopanikizika (CNG), womwe ungasungidwe ngati mpweya pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu ndipo uli ndi mphamvu yochepa. Kusankha kumadalira kupeza bwino pakati pa kupezeka kwa zomangamanga ndi zosowa za malo.

Ndi magalimoto ati omwe angayendetsedwe pa CNG?

Mtundu uwu wa mafuta ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto omwe adapangidwa kapena omwe adasinthidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pa gasi wachilengedwe womwe umakakamizidwa (CNG). Ntchito zomwe CNG imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo magalimoto a mumzinda, ma taxi, magalimoto ochotsa zinyalala, ndi mayendedwe apagulu a mumzinda (mabasi). Magalimoto a CNG opangidwa m'fakitale amaperekedwanso pamagalimoto ambiri kwa okwera, monga mitundu ina ya Honda Civic kapena Toyota Camry. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zosinthira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha magalimoto ambiri ndi injini zamafuta kuti azigwira ntchito munjira zonse ziwiri zamafuta (mafuta/CNG), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosungira ndalama.

Kodi LNG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto?

Ngakhale kuti ndizotheka m'malingaliro, ndi zachilendo kwambiri komanso zosatheka m'magalimoto wamba. Kuti asunge mawonekedwe amadzimadzi okwana -162°C, LNG imafunika zovuta,matanki osungiramo zinthu zobisika okwera mtengoMakina amenewa ndi akuluakulu, okwera mtengo, ndipo sali oyenera malo ochepa mkati mwa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono. Masiku ano, magalimoto amphamvu, amtunda wautali ndi magalimoto ena akuluakulu amalonda okhala ndi malo osungira matanki akuluakulu komanso kuthekera kopeza phindu kuchokera ku LNG yayitali ndi magalimoto okhawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi kuipa kwa CNG ngati mafuta ndi kotani?

Zoyipa zazikulu za CNG ndi kuchuluka kwake kochepa poyendetsa galimoto poyerekeza ndi dizilo kapena mafuta komanso malo ake ochepa odzaza mafuta, makamaka m'maiko osatukuka.Matanki a CNGndi zazikulu komanso zolemera, nthawi zambiri zimatenga malo ambiri oti zikatenge katundu, makamaka m'magalimoto a okwera. Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zambiri kugula kapena kusintha poyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yothira mafuta imakhala yayitali kuposa mafuta amadzimadzi, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amatha kukhala otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mainjini ofanana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kodi ku Nigeria kuli malo angati odzaza mafuta a CNG?

Ndondomeko ya ku Nigeria yaMalo ophikira mafuta a CNGikupangidwabe kuyambira koyambirira kwa chaka cha 2024. Malipoti aposachedwa ochokera kumakampani akuwonetsa kuti pakadali malo ochepa okha a CNG omwe akugwira ntchito ndipo zikuyembekezeka kuti malo ambiri a CNG ayambira pa 10 mpaka 20. Ambiri mwa awa ali m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Lagos ndi Abuja. Komabe, m'zaka zikubwerazi, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukwera mofulumira chifukwa cha "Gas Development Project" ya boma, yomwe imathandizira gasi wachilengedwe ngati gwero lamphamvu lotsika mtengo komanso lopanda chilengedwe poyendetsa.

Kodi thanki ya CNG imakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Matanki a CNG ali ndi nthawi yovuta yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasonyezedwa ndi tsiku logwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa m'malo mwa zaka makumi ambiri. Miyezo yambiri yadziko lonse ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi imafuna kuti matanki a CNG, kaya opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa kapena chitsulo, azikhala ndi moyo wa zaka 15-20. Kaya thankiyo ili bwanji, iyenera kukonzedwa pakapita nthawi kuti iwonetsetse kuti ndi yotetezeka. Monga gawo la mapulani okonzanso nthawi zonse, matankiwo amafunikanso kufufuzidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ndi mayeso okakamiza nthawi zonse.

Ndi chiyani chabwino, LPG kapena CNG?

Zonse ziwiri za CNG kapena LPG (mafuta a petroleum osungunuka) ndi njira zina zosinthira mafuta zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Poyerekeza ndi LPG (propane/butane), yomwe ndi yolemera kuposa mpweya ndipo imatha kusonkhana, CNG, yomwe ndi methane, ndi yopyapyala kuposa mpweya ndipo imasweka mwachangu ngati itawonongeka. Chifukwa CNG imayaka bwino kwambiri, imasiya malo ochepa m'zigawo za injini. Komabe, LPG ili ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yayikulu yowonjezerera mafuta padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu zambiri, komanso mtundu wabwino. Kusankha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wamafuta m'derali, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndi njira yothandizira yomwe ilipo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa LNG ndi CNG ndi kotani?

Mkhalidwe wawo weniweni ndi njira zosungiramo zinthu ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Mpweya wachilengedwe wopanikizika, kapena CNG, umakhalabe mumkhalidwe wa mpweya pamlingo wokwera (nthawi zambiri 200–250 bar). LNG, kapena mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka, ndi mpweya womwe umapangidwa pochepetsa mpweya wachilengedwe kufika pa -162°C, womwe umausintha kukhala madzi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake pafupifupi nthawi 600. Chifukwa cha izi, LNG ili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa CNG, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera mayendedwe ataliatali komwe kupirira ndikofunikira. Komabe, imafuna zida zosungiramo zinthu zodula komanso zokwera mtengo.

Cholinga chaThanki ya LNG?

Chipangizo chosungiramo zinthu zobisika kwambiri ndi thanki ya LNG. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa (BOG) mwa kusunga LNG mumkhalidwe wake wamadzimadzi pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri pafupifupi -162°C. Matanki awa ali ndi kapangidwe kovuta ka makoma awiri okhala ndi kutchinjiriza kwamphamvu pakati pa makoma ndi vacuum mkati. LNG ikhoza kusungidwa ndikusunthidwa patali pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto akuluakulu, zombo, ndi malo osungira osawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka.

Kodi ndi chiyaniSiteshoni ya CNG?

Malo apadera omwe amapereka mafuta kwa magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi CNG amatchedwa siteshoni ya CNG. Gasi wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa kumeneko ndi mphamvu yochepa ndi njira yoyendera yapafupi. Pambuyo pake, gasi uyu amayeretsedwa, kuziziritsidwa, ndikukakamizidwa m'magawo angapo pogwiritsa ntchito ma compressor amphamvu kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yayikulu (pakati pa 200 ndi 250 bar). Mapaipi osungiramo zinthu okhala ndi mathithi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga gasi wopanikizika kwambiri. poyerekeza ndi kudzaza mafuta ndi mafuta, koma pogwiritsa ntchito gasi wopanikizika kwambiri, gasiyo imatumizidwa kuchokera m'mabanki osungiramo zinthu kupita ku thanki ya CNG ya galimotoyo pogwiritsa ntchito chotulutsira chapadera.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa LNG ndi gasi wamba ndi kotani?

Mafuta nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mpweya "wamba". Mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka wa methane, kapena LNG, ndi mpweya wachilengedwe wopanda vuto womwe wasungidwa bwino. Kusakaniza kwamadzimadzi kosinthidwa kwa ma hydrocarbon osiyanasiyana otchedwa mafuta kumapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta omwe asinthidwa. Poyerekeza ndi mafuta, LNG imapanga zinthu zochepa zovulaza (monga nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono) ikayaka, ndipo zinthu zazikulu ndi carbon dioxide (CO2) ndi nthunzi yamadzi. Mosiyana ndi makina a LNG omwe akupitilirabe kukula, mafuta ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pamlingo uliwonse ndipo amasangalala ndi netiweki yodzaza mafuta padziko lonse lapansi yomwe yakula kwambiri.

Tebulo Loyerekeza

Khalidwe	LNG (Gasi Wachilengedwe Wosungunuka)	CNG (Gasi Wachilengedwe Wopanikizika)
Mkhalidwe Wathupi	Madzi	Mpweya
Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu	Pamwamba Kwambiri	Pakatikati
Mapulogalamu Oyambirira	Malori akuluakulu, Zombo, Sitima	Mabasi, Matekisi, Magalimoto opepuka
Zomangamanga	Malo apadera ochitira cryogenic, omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri	Malo odzaza mafuta, netiweki ikukula
Kutha kwa Ma Range	Kutalika	Pakati mpaka pafupi
Kupsinjika Kosungirako	Kupanikizika kochepa (koma kumafuna kutentha kwa cryogenic)	Kupanikizika kwakukulu (200-250 bar)

Mapeto

Pakusintha kupita ku mphamvu zoyera, LNG ndi CNG ndi njira zopindulitsa zonse m'malo mwa zinthu zopikisana. Pa mtunda wautali, mayendedwe ofunikira, momwe mphamvu zake zambiri zimaperekera mtunda wofunikira, LNG ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Kumbali ina, CNG ndi njira yothandiza komanso yosamala zachilengedwe kwa mabizinesi ndi mizinda yokhala ndi magalimoto opepuka omwe ayenera kuyenda pamtunda wochepa. Mafuta onsewa adzakhala ofunikira pakukweza kusintha kwa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamafuta m'misika yomwe ikukula ngati Nigeria. Mitundu inayake ya magalimoto, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi chitukuko cha mautumiki am'deralo ziyenera kutengedwa mosamala posankha pakati pawo.