KumvetsetsaMalo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen: Buku Lotsogolera Lonse

Mafuta a haidrojeni akhala malo abwino pamene dziko lapansi likusintha kukhala magwero abwino a mphamvu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za malo odzaza mafuta a haidrojeni, mavuto omwe amakumana nawo, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito poyendetsa.

Kodi malo osungira mafuta a haidrojeni ndi chiyani?

Ma cell amafuta a magalimoto amagetsi amatha kulandira mafuta a haidrojeni kuchokera kumalo enaake otchedwa hydrogen refueling stations (HRS). Ngakhale kuti amapangidwira kuthana ndi haidrojeni, mpweya womwe umateteza komanso makina apadera, malo awa ndi ofanana ndi malo abwinobwino amafuta.

Njira yopangira kapena yotumizira haidrojeni,matanki ozizira ndi osungiramo zinthundizoperekera zakudyandi magawo atatu akuluakulu a siteshoni yodzaza mafuta a haidrojeni. Hydrojeni imatha kutumizidwa ku malowa ndi mapaipi kapena ma trailer a chubu, kapena ikhoza kupangidwa pamalopo pogwiritsa ntchito methane reforming ndi nthunzi kapenaelectrolysis kuti ipange.

Zigawo Zazikulu za Malo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen:

Zipangizo zopangira kapena kunyamula haidrojeni kupita nazo ku zombo

Mayunitsi okakamiza l kuti awonjezere kupsinjika kwa matanki a haidrojeni omwe amasungira haidrojeni yothamanga kwambiri

 

Zipangizo zotulutsira mpweya zokhala ndi nozzles zapadera za FCEV

Chitetezo chimagwira ntchito monga kupeza kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kutseka nthawi yadzidzidzi

Kodi Vuto Lalikulu Kwambiri Ndi Mafuta a Hydrogen Ndi Liti?

Zipangizo zopangira kapena kunyamula haidrojeni kupita ku zombo zopanikiza kuti ziwonjezere kuthamanga kwa matanki a haidrojeni omwe amasungira haidrojeni yothamanga kwambiridMa ispenser okhala ndi nozzles zapadera za FCEV monga kupeza kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuzimitsa pakagwa ngozi.Mtengo wopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndiye nkhani zazikulu zomwe zikukumana ndi mafuta a haidrojeni. Masiku ano, kusintha kwa nthunzi ya methane—komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe ndikupanga mpweya wa kaboni—kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga haidrojeni yambiri. Ngakhale kuti "hydrogen wobiriwira" wopangidwa ndi electrolysis ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi woyera, mtengo wake ukadali wokwera kwambiri.

Izi ndi zovuta zofunika kwambiri: Kuyendetsa ndi Kusunga: Popeza haidrojeni ili ndi mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwake, imatha kupangidwa pang'ono kapena kuzizira kokha pakakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zodula.

Kukonza Malo: zimatengera ndalama zambiri kuti amange malo ambiri odzaza mafuta.

Kutaya Mphamvu: Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi yopanga, kuchepetsa, ndi kusinthana, maselo amafuta opangidwa ndi haidrojeni ali ndi ntchito yochepa ya "kuchokera ku chitsime kupita ku chiwongolero" poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mabatire.

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, thandizo la boma ndi kafukufuku amene akupitilira zikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo chomwe chingawonjezere kuthekera kwa hydrogen pazachuma.

Kodi Mafuta a Hydrogen Ndi Abwino Kuposa Amagetsi?

Kusankha pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi a batri (BEVs) ndi magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi maselo amafuta a haidrojeni n'kovuta chifukwa, kutengera vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito, ukadaulo uliwonse umapereka zabwino zake.

Factor	Magalimoto a Mafuta a Hydrogen	Magalimoto Amagetsi a Batri
Nthawi Yothira Mafuta	Mphindi 3-5 (zofanana ndi mafuta)	Mphindi 30 mpaka maola angapo
Malo ozungulira	Makilomita 300-400 pa thanki iliyonse	Makilomita 200-300 pa chaji iliyonse
Zomangamanga	Malo ochepa odzaza mafuta	Netiweki yodzaza kwambiri
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera	Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mawilo otsika	Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera kwambiri
Mapulogalamu	Magalimoto oyenda mtunda wautali, magalimoto olemera	Ulendo wopita ku mizinda, magalimoto opepuka

Magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mabatire ndi othandiza kwambiri pa mayendedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizinda, pomwe magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amagwira ntchito bwino pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mtunda wautali komanso kudzaza mafuta mwachangu, monga mabasi ndi malole.

Kodi Pali Malo Angati Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen Padziko Lonse?

Malo opitilira 1,000 odzaza mafuta a haidrojeni anali kugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira mu 2026, ndipo kukula kwakukulu kudzakonzedwa m'zaka zotsatira. Pali madera angapo enieni omwesiteshoni yodzaza mafuta a haidrojenindikusamutsidwa:

Ndi over fimazana ambirimasiteshoni, Asia ikutenga msika, makamaka mayiko a South Korea (masiteshoni opitilira 100) ndi Japan (masiteshoni opitilira 160).msikaikukula mofulumira chifukwa boma lili ndi zolinga zazikulu.

Ndi masiteshoni pafupifupi 100, Germany ili patsogolo pa Europe, yokhala ndi masiteshoni pafupifupi 200. Pofika chaka cha 2030, European Union ikukonzekera kukweza masiteshoni ake kufika pa masauzande ambiri.

Masiteshoni opitilira 80 ali ndi malo ogulitsira ku North America, makamaka ochokera ku California, ndipo ena ochepa ali ku Canada ndi chigawo cha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States.

Popeza kuti zikuyembekezeka kuti pakhoza kukhala masiteshoni opitilira 5,000 padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2030, mayiko kulikonse akhazikitsa mfundo zomwe zingathandize kuti masiteshoni a haidrojeni apangidwe.

Chifukwa chiyani mafuta a haidrojeni ndi abwino kuposa mafuta a petulo?

Poyerekeza ndi mafuta achikhalidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta, mafuta a haidrojeni ali ndi zabwino zambiri zosiyanasiyana:

Kuipitsidwa kwa Mpweya: Ma cell amafuta oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amapewa kutulutsa mpweya woipa womwe umawonjezera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndikutenthetsa kutentha mwa kupanga nthunzi yamadzi ngati zotsatirapo zake.

Kufunika kwa Mphamvu Yobiriwira: Kuzungulira kwa mphamvu yoyera kungapangidwe popanga haidrojeni pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya mphepo.

Chitetezo cha Mphamvu: kupanga haidrojeni m'dziko lonse kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kumachepetsa kudalira mafuta akunja.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri: Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi injini zomwe zimayatsa petulo, magalimoto a fuel cell ndi ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kawiri kapena katatu kuposa magalimoto ena.

Ntchito Yokhala Chete: Popeza magalimoto a haidrojeni amayenda bwino, amachepetsa kuipitsa phokoso m'mizinda.

Ubwino wobiriwira wa haidrojeni umapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yosinthira mafuta m'malo mwa mayendedwe oyera, komabe mavuto opanga ndi mayendedwe amabukabe.

Kodi Zimatenga Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji Kumanga Malo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen?

Nthawi yomangira siteshoni yodzaza mafuta a haidrojeni imadalira kwambiri zinthu zingapo monga kukula kwa siteshoniyo, malo ogwirira ntchito, malamulo ololeza, komanso ngati haidrojeni imaperekedwa kapena kupangidwa pamalopo.

Pa malo ochepa okhala ndi zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kale komanso zopangidwa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi khumi ndi iwiri.

Pa malo akuluakulu komanso ovuta kwambiri okhala ndi malo opangira zinthu pamalopo, zimatenga miyezi 12 mpaka 24.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yomanga: kusankha malo ndi kukonzekera

Zilolezo ndi zilolezo zofunikira

Kupeza ndi kupereka zida

Kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa

Kukhazikitsa ndi kuwunika chitetezo

Kuyika magetsi a haidrojeni tsopano kwakhala kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwatsopano mu mapangidwe a siteshoni zomwe zachepetsa nthawi yopangira.

Kodi magetsi ochuluka bwanji ochokera ku 1 kg ya haidrojeni?

Kugwira ntchito kwa makina opangira mafuta kumadalira kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe angapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito kilogalamu imodzi ya haidrojeni. Mu ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku:

Kilogalamu imodzi ya haidrojeni imatha kuyendetsa galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo amafuta kwa makilomita pafupifupi 60-70.

Kilogalamu imodzi ya haidrojeni ili ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 33.6 kWh.

Kilogalamu imodzi ya haidrojeni ikhoza kupanga magetsi okwana 15–20 kWh omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo poti kudalirika kwa maselo amafuta (nthawi zambiri 40–60%) kwaganiziridwa.

Pofotokoza izi, banja labwinobwino la ku America limagwiritsa ntchito magetsi pafupifupi ma kWh makumi atatu patsiku, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti, ngati atasinthidwa bwino, 2 kg ya haidrojeni ikhoza kugwira ntchito m'nyumbamo kwa tsiku limodzi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera:

Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya "well-to-wheel" pakati pa 25–35%, pomwe magalimoto amagetsi a batire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 70–90%. Kutayika kwa mphamvu popanga haidrojeni, kuchepetsa kupsinjika, mayendedwe, ndi kusintha kwa ma cell amafuta ndiye zifukwa zazikulu za kusiyana kumeneku.