Kodi malo osungira mafuta a haidrojeni ndi chiyani?

Kumvetsetsa Malo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen

Malo ena otchedwa malo odzaza mafuta a hydrogen (HRS) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi ma cell amafuta ndi hydrogen. Malo odzaza mafuta awa amasunga hydrogen yothamanga kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles ndi mapaipi apadera kuti apereke hydrogen ku magalimoto, poyerekeza ndi malo odzaza mafuta achikhalidwe. Njira yowonjezerera mafuta a hydrogen imakhala yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi pamagalimoto a ma cell amafuta, omwe amapanga mpweya wofunda komanso nthunzi yamadzi, pamene anthu akupita kumayendedwe otsika mpweya wa carbon.

Kodi mumadzaza galimoto ya haidrojeni ndi chiyani?

Mpweya wa haidrojeni wopanikizika kwambiri (H2), womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphamvu ya 350 bar kapena 700 bar pamagalimoto, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mafuta m'magalimoto a haidrojeni. Kuti mpweya wa haidrojeni usungidwe bwino, umasungidwa m'matanki opangidwa mwamakonda okhala ndi ulusi wa kaboni.

Kodi Malo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Kudzaza mafuta pagalimoto yopangidwa ndi haidrojeni kumafunika njira zingapo zofunika: 1. Kupanga Haidrojeni: Kusintha kwa nthunzi ya methane (SMR), kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, kapena chifukwa cha njira yopangira ndi zina mwa njira zodziyimira pawokha zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga haidrojeni kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.

1. Kukanikiza ndi Kusunga Gasi: Matanki osungiramo zinthu apafupi amasunga mpweya wa haidrojeni pambuyo poti wapanikizika bwino mpaka kufika pa mphamvu yayikulu (350–700 bar).
2. Kuziziritsa Asanayambe: Kuti kutentha kusamawonongeke panthawi yodzaza mofulumira, haidrojeni iyenera kuziziritsidwa mpaka -40°C isanayambe kuperekedwa.

4. Kutulutsa: Chomangira chotsekedwa chimapangidwa pakati pa chidebe chosungiramo galimoto ndi nozzle yopangidwa mwapadera. Njira yoyang'aniridwa mosamala yomwe imasunga tabu pa kuthamanga ndi kutentha zimathandiza kuti haidrojeni ilowe m'matanki osungiramo galimoto.

5. Machitidwe Otetezera: Ntchito zingapo zoteteza, monga machitidwe oletsa moto, zowongolera zozimitsa zokha, ndi kuyang'anira kutuluka kwa madzi, zimalonjeza kuti ntchitozo ndi zotetezeka.

Magalimoto a Hydrogen ndi Magetsi

Kodi mafuta a haidrojeni ndi abwino kuposa amagetsi?

Izi zimadalira pa zochitika zinazake zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Popeza 75–90% ya magetsi amasinthidwa kukhala magetsi pamagudumu a galimoto, magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka ku chilengedwe. Pakati pa 40 ndi 60% ya mphamvu mu haidrojeni imatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera magalimoto a hydrogen fuel cell. Komabe, ma FCEV ali ndi ubwino pankhani yogwira ntchito bwino m'malo ozizira, moyo wautali (makilomita 300–400 pa thanki), komanso nthawi yodzaza mafuta (mphindi 3–5 poyerekeza ndi mphindi 30+ zochapira mwachangu). Kwa magalimoto akuluakulu (malole, mabasi) komwe kudzaza mafuta mwachangu komanso mtunda wautali ndikofunikira, haidrojeni ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kwambiri.

Zofunika Kuganizira pa Mtengo ndi Zothandiza

Kodi kudzazanso galimoto ya haidrojeni ndikokwera mtengo bwanji?

Pakadali pano, kuyika mafuta mgalimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni ndi thanki yonse (pafupifupi makilogalamu 5-6 a haidrojeni) kudzawononga pakati pa $75 ndi $100, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi makilomita 300-400. Izi zimafika pafupifupi $16-20 pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya haidrojeni. Mitengo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuchepa pamene kupanga kukukulirakulira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen yosamalira chilengedwe. Madera ena amapereka kuchotsera komwe kumawononga ndalama zochepa kwa makasitomala.

Kodi injini ya galimoto yachibadwa ingagwire ntchito pa haidrojeni?

Ngakhale si zachilendo, mainjini oyatsa moto achikhalidwe amatha kusinthidwa kuti agwire ntchito pa haidrojeni. Kuyambira asanayatse moto, kutulutsa mpweya wambiri wa nitrogen oxides, ndi mavuto osungira ndi ena mwa mavuto omwe mainjini oyatsa moto amkati a haidrojeni ayenera kuthana nawo pakapita nthawi. Masiku ano, pafupifupi magalimoto onse oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa fuel cell, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni ndi mpweya wochokera ku chilengedwe kuti apange mphamvu zomwe zimayendetsa mota yamagetsi yokhala ndi madzi okha ngati zinthu zotayira.

Ndi dziko liti lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a haidrojeni kwambiri?

Masiku ano, Japan ikutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku haidrojeni, chifukwa ili ndi malo opitilira 160 odzaza mafuta a haidrojeni komanso mapulani akuluakulu omanga malo opitilira 900 pofika chaka cha 2030. Mayiko ena akuluakulu ndi awa:

Germany: Masiteshoni opitilira 100, ndipo 400 akuyembekezeka kufika mu 2035

United States: Ndi masiteshoni pafupifupi 60, makamaka ku California

South Korea: ikukula mwachangu, ndi malo okwana 1,200 omwe akuyembekezeka kufika mu 2040

China: Kupanga ndalama zofunika, ndi malo opitilira 100 omwe akugwira ntchito pakadali pano

Kukula kwa Malo Odzaza Mafuta a Hydrogen Padziko Lonse

Panali malo odzaza mafuta a haidrojeni pafupifupi 800 padziko lonse lapansi pofika mu 2023; pofika mu 2030, chiwerengero chimenecho chikuyembekezeka kukula kufika pa 5,000. Chifukwa cha ndalama zothandizira kuchokera ku maboma ndi kudzipereka kwa opanga kupanga maselo amafuta, Europe ndi Asia zili patsogolo pa chitukukochi.

Kuyang'ana Kwambiri pa Ntchito: Kukulitsa zomangamanga za haidrojeni zamagalimoto, mabasi, sitima, ndi ntchito zapamadzi