Kodi malo odzaza mafuta a LNG ndi chiyani?

Ndi kukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mpweya wochepa wa kaboni, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akufunafunanso magwero abwino a mphamvu kuti alowe m'malo mwa mafuta m'gawo la mayendedwe. Gawo lalikulu la mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka (LNG) ndi methane, womwe ndi mpweya wachilengedwe womwe timagwiritsa ntchito m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi mpweya weniweni. Pakupanikizika kwabwinobwino, kuti tithe kuyendetsa bwino ndi kusunga, mpweya wachilengedwe umaziziritsidwa mpaka madigiri Celsius 162, kusintha kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wa mpweya kukhala mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe wamadzimadzi ndi pafupifupi 1/625 ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe wamadzimadzi womwewo. Ndiye, kodi malo odzaza LNG ndi chiyani? Nkhaniyi ifufuza mfundo yogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe odzaza, ndi gawo lofunika lomwe limagwira mu mafunde osinthira mphamvu omwe alipo.

Kodi siteshoni yodzaza mafuta ya LNG ndi chiyani?
Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadera chopangidwira kusungira ndi kudzaza mafuta a LNG. Chimapereka mafuta a LNG makamaka kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu ataliatali, mabasi, magalimoto akuluakulu kapena zombo. Mosiyana ndi malo osungira mafuta ndi dizilo wamba, malo osungira mafutawa amasungunula mpweya wachilengedwe wozizira kwambiri (-162℃) kukhala wamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusunga ndi kunyamula zikhale zosavuta.

Kusungira: LNG imayendetsedwa kudzera m'matanki a cryogenic ndikusungidwa m'matanki a vacuum mkati mwa malo odzaza mafuta a LNG kuti ikhalebe ndi mphamvu zotsika kutentha komanso zamadzimadzi.

Kudzaza mafuta: Ngati pakufunika, gwiritsani ntchito pampu ya LNG kuti musunthe LNG kuchokera ku thanki yosungiramo mafuta kupita ku makina odzaza mafuta. Ogwira ntchito yodzaza mafuta amalumikiza nozzle ya makina odzaza mafuta ku thanki yosungiramo LNG ya galimoto. Choyezera madzi mkati mwa makina odzaza mafuta chimayamba kuyeza, ndipo LNG imayamba kudzazidwa mafuta chifukwa cha kupanikizika.

Kodi zigawo zazikulu za siteshoni yodzaza mafuta ya LNG ndi ziti?
Tanki yosungira vacuum yotsika kutentha: Tanki yosungira vacuum yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri yotetezedwa, yomwe ingathandize kuchepetsa kutentha ndikusunga kutentha kwa LNG.

Vaporizer: Chipangizo chomwe chimasintha LNG yamadzimadzi kukhala CNG ya gasi (re-gasification). Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kupanikizika pamalopo kapena kuwongolera kupsinjika kwa matanki osungiramo zinthu.

Chotulutsira: Chokhala ndi mawonekedwe anzeru ogwiritsa ntchito, mkati mwake muli mapaipi, ma nozzles odzaza, ma flow meter ndi zida zina zomwe zapangidwira makamaka LNG yotsika kutentha.

Dongosolo Lowongolera: Lidzakhala ndi dongosolo lowongolera lanzeru, lotetezeka komanso logwirizana loyang'anira kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kutentha kwa zida zosiyanasiyana pamalopo, komanso momwe zinthu za LNG zilili.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malo odzaza mafuta a LNG (liquefied natural gas) ndi malo odzaza mafuta a CNG (compressed natural gas)?
Mpweya Wachilengedwe Wosungunuka (LNG): Umasungidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pa kutentha kwa madigiri Celsius osachepera 162. Chifukwa cha momwe umakhalira madzimadzi, umakhala ndi malo ochepa ndipo ukhoza kudzazidwa m'matanki a magalimoto akuluakulu ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wautali paulendo. Makhalidwe oterewa amachititsa kuti ukhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha mabasi akutali ndi magalimoto akuluakulu.

Mpweya Wachilengedwe Wopanikizika (CNG): Umasungidwa mu mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri. Popeza ndi mpweya, umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umafuna masilinda akuluakulu a gasi omwe ali m'galimoto kapena kudzazidwanso pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera magalimoto apamtunda waufupi monga mabasi a mumzinda, magalimoto achinsinsi, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka (LNG) ndi wotani?
Poganizira zachilengedwe, LNG ndi yoteteza chilengedwe kuposa mafuta. Ngakhale magalimoto a LNG ali ndi mtengo wokwera wogulira koyamba, womwe umafuna matanki osungiramo zinthu zodula komanso mainjini apadera, mtengo wawo wamafuta ndi wotsika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, magalimoto amafuta, ngakhale kuti ndi otsika mtengo, ali ndi mtengo wokwera wamafuta ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yamafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Poganizira zachuma, LNG ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga zinthu zatsopano.

Kodi malo odzaza mafuta achilengedwe omwe ali ndi madzi ndi otetezeka?
Ndithudi. Dziko lililonse lili ndi miyezo yofanana ya malo odzaza mafuta achilengedwe okhala ndi madzi, ndipo mayunitsi omanga ayenera kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yomangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. LNG yokha sidzaphulika. Ngakhale patakhala kutayikira kwa LNG, idzasungunuka mwachangu mumlengalenga ndipo sidzasonkhana pansi ndikuyambitsa kuphulika. Nthawi yomweyo, malo odzaza mafuta adzagwiritsanso ntchito malo angapo otetezera, omwe amatha kuzindikira mwadongosolo ngati pali kutayikira kapena kulephera kwa zida.