Kodi malo otumizira mafuta a LNG ndi chiyani?

Kumvetsetsa Malo Odzaza Mafuta a LNG

Malo odzaza mafuta a LNG (liquefied natural gas)ali ndi magalimoto enaake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mafuta m'magalimoto monga magalimoto, malole, mabasi, ndi zombo. Ku China,Houpundi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopereka malo odzaza mafuta a LNG, ndipo gawo lake pamsika ndi mpaka 60%. Malo awa amasunga LNG pamalo ozizira (-162°C kapena -260°F) kuti asunge bwino madzi ake ndikupangitsa kuti kusungirako ndi kunyamula zikhale zosavuta.
Mukadzaza mafuta pa siteshoni ya LNG, gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka umatengedwa kuchokeramatanki a siteshonikuti zisungidwe m'galimoto mkati mwa matanki a cryogenic pogwiritsa ntchito makina osinthidwamapaipindima nozzlezomwe zimasunga kutentha kofunikira panthawi yonseyi.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ndi dziko liti lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri LNG?
Pambuyo pa ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Fukushima mu 2011, Japan, yomwe imadalira kwambiri LNG popanga magetsi, idakhala pakati pa ogula komanso ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri a LNG padziko lonse lapansi. India, South Korea, ndi China onse ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ofunikira a LNG. Gulu la Houpu linakhazikitsidwa mu 2005. Pambuyo pa zaka 20 za chitukuko, lakhala kampani yotsogola mumakampani opanga mphamvu zoyera ku China.

Kodi kuipa kwa LNG ndi kotani?

LNG ili ndi zovuta zina ngakhale ili ndi zabwino zambiri.
Ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito: Chifukwa cha kufunika kwa zipangizo zapadera zosungiramo ndi zonyamulira za cryogenic, LNG ndi yokwera mtengo kuyiyika pachiyambi.
Njira yothira madzi imafuna mphamvu zambiri; pakati pa 10 ndi 25% ya mphamvu ya mpweya wachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isinthe kukhala LNG.
Nkhawa zachitetezo: Ngakhale kuti LNG siili pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga petulo, kutayikira kwa mafuta kungayambitse mtambo wa nthunzi ndi kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha cryogenic.
Malo ochepa oti muwonjezere mafuta: Ntchito yomanga netiweki ya siteshoni yowonjezerera mafuta ya LNG ikupitirirabe m'malo angapo.

Ngakhale kuti LNG ili ndi zovuta zina, makhalidwe ake oyera amathandizanso kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a ntchito za anthu wamba, magalimoto ndi zapamadzi. Gulu la Houpu limakhudza unyolo wonse wa mafakitale kuyambira kuchotsedwa kwa LNG kupita ku kudzaza LNG pansi, kuphatikizapo kupanga, kuwonjezera mafuta, kusunga, kunyamula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa LNG ndi gasi wamba ndi kotani?

Kusiyana pakati pa LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) ndi mafuta wamba (petulo) ndi awa:

Kodi LNG ndi yabwino kuposa petulo?

Zimatengera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri ngati LNG ndi "yabwino" kuposa mafuta:
Ubwino wa LNG kuposa mafuta:
Ubwino wa chilengedwe: LNG imatulutsa CO₂ yocheperako ndi 20–30% kuposa mafuta ndipo nitrogen oxide ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa zochepa kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama: LNG nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa mafuta pamlingo wofanana ndi mphamvu, makamaka kwa magalimoto omwe amayendetsa kwambiri.
• Kupezeka kwa gasi wambiri: Mpweya wachilengedwe ndi waukulu ndipo umapezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Chitetezo: LNG siiyaka kwambiri ngati mafuta ndipo imatha msanga ikatayikira, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha moto.

LNG ili ndi zovuta zina poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, palibe malo ambiri oimika mafuta a LNG monga momwe zilili ndi malo oimika mafuta.
Magalimoto ochepa amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pa LNG kuposa pa petulo.

• Malire a mtunda: Magalimoto a LNG sangathe kufika patali chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo matanki awo ndi ochepa.
• Mitengo yokwera pasadakhale: Magalimoto a LNG ndi zomangamanga zimafunika ndalama zambiri pasadakhale.

LNG nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magalimoto akuluakulu komanso yoteteza chilengedwe, komwe mtengo wa mafuta umawononga ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zovuta za zomangamanga, ubwino wake suonekera bwino pamagalimoto achinsinsi.

Zochitika Zamsika Wapadziko Lonse wa LNG

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, msika wapadziko lonse wa LNG wakula kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zandale, malamulo okhudza chilengedwe, komanso kufunikira kwa mphamvu kukukula. Popeza South Korea, China, ndi Japan zikugwiritsa ntchito LNG yambiri, Asia ikupitilizabe kukhala dera lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri kuchokera kunja. Kufunika kwa LNG kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula mtsogolo, makamaka pamene mayiko akuyang'ana kusintha kuchoka ku malasha ndi mafuta kupita ku magwero a mphamvu zoyera. Kukula kwa zomangamanga zazing'ono za LNG kukuwonjezeranso ntchito zake kupitirira kupanga magetsi kupita ku mafakitale ndi mayendedwe.

Gulu la Houpu linayamba kukulitsa msika wake wapadziko lonse mu 2020. Zinthu zake zapamwamba zadziwika kwambiri pamsika, ndipo ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri zayamikiridwa ndi makasitomala. Zipangizo za Houpu zagulitsidwa ku malo opitilira 7,000 odzaza mafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Houpu yaphatikizidwa bwino pamndandanda wa ogulitsa makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi amagetsi, zomwe zikuyimira kudziwika kwa mphamvu ya kampaniyo ndi makampani apamwamba aku Europe.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

LNG ndi mpweya wachilengedwe womwe wazizira kukhala madzi kuti uthandize kunyamula ndi kusunga.
Japan ndi dziko lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri LNG padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti LNG imatulutsa mpweya wochepa kuposa mafuta, imafunika zomangamanga zinazake.
LNG ndi yoyenera kwambiri pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe olemera.
Ndi malo atsopano ogulira ndi kutumiza kunja, msika wapadziko lonse wa LNG ukukulirakulirabe.